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Identifying Acids and Bases quiz

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Terms in this set (15)

  • What is the most common feature of an acid?
    Most acids possess an H+ ion, also known as the hydronium or hydrogen ion.
  • How do binary acids differ from oxyacids?
    Binary acids do not contain oxygen, while oxyacids contain both hydrogen and oxygen along with a nonmetal.
  • Which elements are typically found in binary acids?
    Binary acids usually have hydrogen connected to an electronegative element such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or a halogen.
  • What are the four common haloacids?
    The four common haloacids are HF, HCl, HBr, and HI.
  • How are oxyacids formed?
    Oxyacids are formed by hydrating nonmetal oxides, which means adding water to a nonmetal oxide.
  • What is the main rule for determining the strength of a binary acid in the same period?
    For binary acids in the same period, the more electronegative the nonmetal, the stronger the acid.
  • How do you determine the strength of binary acids in the same group?
    In the same group, the larger the atomic radius of the nonmetal, the stronger the binary acid.
  • What is the key rule for identifying a strong oxyacid?
    A strong oxyacid has at least two more oxygens than hydrogens in its formula.
  • If two oxyacids have the same number of remaining oxygens, what determines which is stronger?
    The oxyacid with the more electronegative central nonmetal is stronger.
  • What are the three main features to look for when identifying a base?
    Bases generally possess metals, have a negative charge, or are classified as amines.
  • Which group 1A and 2A metals form strong bases with hydroxide?
    All group 1A metals and group 2A metals from calcium down (Ca, Sr, Ba) form strong bases with hydroxide.
  • What is an amine, and how does it relate to bases?
    An amine is a compound containing nitrogen and hydrogen, or carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen; neutral amines are weak bases.
  • How do strong acids and bases behave in water?
    Strong acids and bases ionize or dissociate completely in water, making them strong electrolytes.
  • What is the difference in ionization between weak and strong acids or bases?
    Weak acids and bases only partially ionize in water, establishing an equilibrium, while strong ones ionize completely.
  • What are amphoteric species, and how do they behave?
    Amphoteric species can act as either acids or bases and may not follow the usual rules for acid or base strength.