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Alkenes and Alkynes quiz

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Terms in this set (15)

  • What type of reactions do alkenes and alkynes typically undergo?
    Alkenes and alkynes typically undergo addition reactions, where elements add across their pi bonds to form new sigma bonds.
  • What is a pi bond and how does it differ from a sigma bond?
    A pi bond is found in double or triple bonds, while a sigma bond is a single bond.
  • How many moles of X2 are needed to halogenate one double bond?
    One mole of X2 is needed for each double bond (pi bond) in halogenation.
  • Which halogens are most commonly used in halogenation of alkenes and alkynes?
    Chlorine (Cl2) and bromine (Br2) are most commonly used because fluorine is too reactive and iodine is too slow.
  • What is a vicinal dihalide?
    A vicinal dihalide is a compound where two halogens are attached to neighboring carbons.
  • How many moles of X2 are required to fully halogenate a triple bond?
    Two moles of X2 are required because a triple bond contains two pi bonds.
  • What is hydrogenation in the context of alkenes and alkynes?
    Hydrogenation is a reduction reaction where two hydrogens are added across a pi bond, converting it to a single bond.
  • In general chemistry, what does reduction mean?
    In general chemistry, reduction means gaining electrons.
  • How is reduction defined in organic chemistry?
    In organic chemistry, reduction means gaining hydrogens.
  • What is the ratio of H2 needed to reduce one pi bond in hydrogenation?
    One mole of H2 is needed to reduce one pi bond.
  • What is hydrohalogenation?
    Hydrohalogenation is the addition of a hydrogen and a halogen across a pi bond.
  • What does Markovnikov's rule state about hydrohalogenation?
    Markovnikov's rule states that the hydrogen adds to the double-bonded carbon with more hydrogens, and the halogen adds to the carbon with fewer hydrogens.
  • Which reagents are commonly used in hydrohalogenation reactions?
    HCl and HBr are commonly used, but HF and HI can also be used.
  • What happens to the double bond during hydrohalogenation?
    The double bond is broken as the hydrogen and halogen add to the carbons.
  • Why is it important to know which carbon has more hydrogens in hydrohalogenation?
    It's important because Markovnikov's rule determines that the hydrogen will add to the carbon with more hydrogens, affecting the product formed.