Textbook Question
During a period of discharge of a lead–acid battery, 402 g of Pb from the anode is converted into PbSO4(s). (b) How many coulombs of electrical charge are transferred from Pb to PbO2?
Ch.20 - Electrochemistry
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 20, Problem 74a
During the discharge of an alkaline battery, 4.50 g of Zn is consumed at the anode of the battery. (a) What mass of MnO2 is reduced at the cathode during this discharge?
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Identify the balanced chemical reaction for the discharge of an alkaline battery. The typical reaction involves zinc (Zn) being oxidized at the anode and manganese dioxide (MnO2) being reduced at the cathode.
Write the half-reactions for the anode and cathode. The anode reaction is: Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻. The cathode reaction is: MnO2 + H2O + e⁻ → MnO(OH) + OH⁻.
Determine the molar mass of Zn. The molar mass of Zn is approximately 65.38 g/mol.
Calculate the moles of Zn consumed using the formula: moles of Zn = mass of Zn / molar mass of Zn. Substitute the given mass of Zn (4.50 g) and its molar mass.
Use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation to find the moles of MnO2 reduced. The stoichiometry from the half-reactions shows that 1 mole of Zn corresponds to 1 mole of MnO2. Calculate the mass of MnO2 reduced using its molar mass (approximately 86.94 g/mol) and the moles of MnO2 obtained from the stoichiometry.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Redox Reactions
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between two species, where one species is oxidized (loses electrons) and the other is reduced (gains electrons). In the context of the alkaline battery, zinc (Zn) is oxidized at the anode, while manganese dioxide (MnO2) is reduced at the cathode. Understanding the stoichiometry of these reactions is essential for calculating the mass of reactants and products.
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Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation. It allows us to determine the relationships between the amounts of substances consumed and produced. In this case, knowing the molar masses of Zn and MnO2 and the balanced equation will enable us to find the mass of MnO2 reduced when a specific mass of Zn is oxidized.
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Molar Mass
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is crucial for converting between the mass of a substance and the number of moles, which is necessary for stoichiometric calculations. For this problem, the molar masses of Zn and MnO2 will be used to relate the mass of Zn consumed to the mass of MnO2 reduced during the battery's discharge.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
During the discharge of an alkaline battery, 4.50 g of Zn is consumed at the anode of the battery. (b) How many coulombs of electrical charge are transferred from Zn to MnO2?
Textbook Question
During a period of discharge of a lead–acid battery, 402 g of Pb from the anode is converted into PbSO4(s). (a) What mass of PbO2(s) is reduced at the cathode during this same period?
Textbook Question
A voltaic cell is constructed that is based on the following reaction: Sn2+(aq) + Pb(s) → Sn(s) + Pb2+(aq) (a) If the concentration of Sn2+ in the cathode half-cell is 1.00 M and the cell generates an emf of +0.22 V, what is the concentration of Pb2+ in the anode half-cell?
Textbook Question
Heart pacemakers are often powered by lithium–silver chromate 'button' batteries. The overall cell reaction is 2 Li(s) + Ag2CrO4(s) → Li2CrO4(s) + 2 Ag(s) (a) Lithium metal is the reactant at one of the electrodes of the battery. Is it the anode or the cathode?