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Mendel and the Laws of Inheritance definitions

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  • Allele
    A variant form of a gene, with each individual carrying two per gene, influencing trait expression.
  • Homozygous
    A genetic condition where both alleles for a gene are identical in an individual.
  • Heterozygous
    A genetic condition where the two alleles for a gene differ within an individual.
  • Dominant
    An allele whose trait is always expressed in the phenotype, even if only one copy is present.
  • Recessive
    An allele whose trait is only expressed when two identical copies are present, masked by a dominant allele.
  • Phenotype
    The observable physical or biochemical characteristics resulting from allele expression.
  • P1 Generation
    The initial parental group in a genetic cross, serving as the source of genetic material for offspring.
  • F1 Generation
    The first generation of offspring resulting from a cross between the parental group.
  • F2 Generation
    The second generation of offspring, produced by crossing individuals from the F1 generation.
  • Law of Segregation
    A principle stating that only one allele from each parent is passed to offspring during gamete formation.
  • Law of Independent Assortment
    A principle stating that alleles of different genes are distributed to gametes independently.
  • Crossing Over
    A process during meiosis where genes on the same chromosome exchange segments, increasing genetic variation.
  • Genetic Linkage
    A phenomenon where genes located close together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together.
  • Linkage Group
    A set of genes on the same chromosome that are often co-inherited due to their proximity.
  • Monohybrid Cross
    A genetic cross examining the inheritance of a single trait between two individuals.
  • Dihybrid Cross
    A genetic cross analyzing the inheritance patterns of two different traits simultaneously.