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Chemical Bonds definitions

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  • Atom
    Basic unit of matter with a core of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electron shells that determine bonding behavior.
  • Electron Shell
    Region around an atomic nucleus where electrons orbit, influencing stability and bonding capacity.
  • Covalent Bond
    Strong connection formed by sharing electrons between atoms, creating stable molecular structures.
  • Single Bond
    Type of covalent linkage involving the sharing of two electrons between two atoms.
  • Double Bond
    Covalent connection where four electrons are shared, resulting in a stronger and shorter bond than a single bond.
  • Triple Bond
    Covalent interaction involving the sharing of six electrons, producing a very strong and short bond.
  • Polarity
    Molecular property arising from unequal electron sharing, leading to partial positive and negative charges.
  • Electronegativity
    Tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself within a chemical bond.
  • Bond Strength
    Amount of energy required to break a chemical connection between atoms, reflecting its stability.
  • Ionic Bond
    Attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer, often called a salt bridge.
  • Cation
    Positively charged ion resulting from the loss of one or more electrons.
  • Anion
    Negatively charged ion produced by gaining one or more electrons.
  • Hydrogen Bond
    Weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen and an electronegative atom, crucial for water’s properties.
  • Van der Waals Attraction
    Nonspecific, weak force arising when atoms approach closely, significant in both polar and nonpolar molecules.
  • Hydrophobic Effect
    Tendency of nonpolar molecules to aggregate in water, minimizing disruption of hydrogen bonding among water molecules.
  • Molecular Complementarity
    Precise fit between molecules, enabling strong binding through multiple interactions, similar to a lock and key.
  • Affinity
    Degree of fit and strength of binding between molecules, increasing with the number and quality of interactions.