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Ch. 4 - Applications of the Derivative
Briggs - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 3rd Edition
Briggs3rd EditionCalculus: Early TranscendentalsISBN: 9780136847243Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksBriggs 3rd EditionCh. 4 - Applications of the DerivativeProblem 4.R.16
Chapter 4, Problem 4.R.16

Find the critical points of the following functions on the given intervals. Identify the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values (if they exist).
g(x) = x sin⁻¹ x on [-1, 1]

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First, understand that critical points occur where the derivative of the function is zero or undefined. We need to find the derivative of g(x) = x sin⁻¹ x.
To find the derivative, apply the product rule: if u(x) = x and v(x) = sin⁻¹ x, then g'(x) = u'(x)v(x) + u(x)v'(x).
Calculate u'(x) = 1 and v'(x) = 1/√(1-x²) using the derivative of sin⁻¹ x. Substitute these into the product rule formula to get g'(x) = sin⁻¹ x + x/√(1-x²).
Set g'(x) = 0 to find critical points: sin⁻¹ x + x/√(1-x²) = 0. Solve this equation for x within the interval [-1, 1].
Evaluate g(x) at the critical points and endpoints of the interval [-1, 1] to determine the absolute maximum and minimum values. Compare these values to identify the absolute extrema.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Critical Points

Critical points of a function occur where its derivative is either zero or undefined. These points are essential for identifying local maxima and minima, as they represent potential locations where the function's behavior changes. To find critical points, one must first compute the derivative of the function and solve for the values of x that satisfy these conditions.
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Critical Points

Absolute Maximum and Minimum

The absolute maximum and minimum values of a function on a closed interval are the highest and lowest values the function attains within that interval, including at the endpoints. To determine these values, one must evaluate the function at its critical points and at the endpoints of the interval. The largest and smallest of these values will be the absolute maximum and minimum, respectively.
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Finding Extrema Graphically Example 4

Inverse Sine Function

The inverse sine function, denoted as sin⁻¹(x) or arcsin(x), is the function that returns the angle whose sine is x. It is defined for x in the range [-1, 1] and outputs angles in the range [-π/2, π/2]. Understanding the properties of the inverse sine function is crucial when analyzing the function g(x) = x sin⁻¹(x), as it affects the behavior and differentiability of g(x) within the specified interval.
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Inverse Sine
Related Practice
Textbook Question

60–81. Limits Evaluate the following limits. Use l’Hôpital’s Rule when needed. 

lim_x→1 ( x- 1)^sinπx

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Textbook Question

Locating extrema Consider the graph of a function ƒ on the interval [-3, 3]. <IMAGE>

b. Give the approximate coordinates of the absolute maximum and minimum values of ƒ (if they exist).

Textbook Question

Find the critical points of the following functions on the given intervals. Identify the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values (if they exist).

ƒ(x) = x³ - 6x² on [-1, 5]

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Textbook Question

45–46. Linear approximation


a. Find the linear approximation to f at the given point a.

b. Use your answer from part (a) to estimate the given function value. Does your approximation underestimate or overestimate the exact function value?


ƒ(x) = x²⸍³ ; a =27; ƒ(29)


Textbook Question

90–103. Indefinite integrals Determine the following indefinite integrals.


∫ (x² / (x⁴ + x²)) dx

Textbook Question

104–107. Functions from derivatives Find the function f with the following properties.


ƒ'(t) = sin t + 2t; ƒ(0) = 5