Textbook Question
Which of the following organisms would lose the most water by osmosis across its gills?
a. Marine bony fish
b. Shark
c. Freshwater fish
d. Freshwater invertebrate
Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 40, Problem 3
What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the nephron?
a. It increases the water permeability of the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
b. It decreases the water permeability of the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
c. It increases the water permeability of the collecting duct.
d. It decreases the water permeability of the collecting duct.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body: ADH is a hormone that helps regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Identify the parts of the nephron involved in water reabsorption: The nephron includes structures such as the loop of Henle and the collecting duct, which play roles in concentrating urine and reabsorbing water.
Focus on the collecting duct: ADH primarily affects the collecting duct, where it increases the permeability of the duct to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
Consider the options given: Options a and b refer to the loop of Henle, which is not the primary site of ADH action. Options c and d refer to the collecting duct, which is the correct site of ADH action.
Determine the correct effect of ADH: ADH increases water permeability in the collecting duct, allowing more water to be reabsorbed, which corresponds to option c.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. Its primary role is to regulate water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. ADH increases the permeability of the kidney's collecting ducts to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, thus concentrating the urine and reducing urine volume.
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Nephron Structure
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. It consists of several parts, including the glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct. Each segment has specific functions in the process of urine formation, such as filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Understanding the role of each part, particularly the collecting duct, is crucial for comprehending how ADH affects water reabsorption.
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Water Permeability in the Collecting Duct
Water permeability in the collecting duct is a key factor in the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. Under the influence of ADH, aquaporin channels are inserted into the membrane of the collecting duct cells, increasing their permeability to water. This allows more water to be reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the bloodstream, thereby concentrating the urine and conserving water in the body. This process is essential for maintaining fluid balance and preventing dehydration.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
In Gila monsters, the organ in which water from urine is reabsorbed into the bloodstream is the___________. .
Textbook Question
The chloride cells of fish gills have a high density of mitochondria. How does this characteristic relate to the functional role of chloride cells?
Would you expect other epithelial cells involved in ion transport to contain large numbers of mitochondria? Explain.
Textbook Question
Which of the following statements regarding fishes that live in fresh-water is/are correct? Select True or False for each statement.
T/F Water moves across the gills via osmosis until equilibrium is established, at which time the water molecules stop moving.
T/F They lose water to their environment primarily through the gills. They replace this water by drinking.
T/F Water enters epithelial cells in their gills via osmosis. Electrolytes leave the same cells via diffusion.
T/F They have specialized epithelia that actively pump electrolytes from the environment into the blood.
Textbook Question
Compare and contrast the types of nitrogenous wastes excreted by animals. Identify which type can be excreted with the least water, which is most toxic, and which waste is excreted by bony fishes, by mammals, and by insects. Which type would you expect to be produced by embryos inside eggs laid on land?