Textbook Question
Explain how RNA-seq can be used to analyze patterns of gene expression.
Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
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Freeman 8th EditionCh. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New FrontiersProblem 7
Freeman 8th EditionCh. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New FrontiersProblem 7Chapter 20, Problem 7
Gene density is the number of genes per million base pairs (Mbp). Using Figure 20.5b, find the approximate number of genes estimated in water fleas and in humans, and note the size of each genome. Calculate the gene density in water fleas relative to that in humans.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the number of genes and the genome size for both water fleas and humans from Figure 20.5b. Note these values down for each organism.
Calculate the gene density for water fleas by dividing the number of genes by the genome size in million base pairs (Mbp). Use the formula: .
Calculate the gene density for humans using the same formula: .
Compare the gene densities by dividing the gene density of water fleas by the gene density of humans. This will give you the relative gene density of water fleas compared to humans.
Interpret the result to understand how gene density differs between water fleas and humans, considering factors like genome size and number of genes.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Gene Density
Gene density refers to the number of genes present per million base pairs (Mbp) in a genome. It provides insight into how densely packed genes are within the DNA, which can vary significantly between different organisms. Understanding gene density helps in comparing the complexity and functionality of genomes across species.
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Genome Size
Genome size is the total amount of DNA contained within one copy of a genome, usually measured in base pairs or megabase pairs (Mbp). It is a crucial factor in determining gene density, as larger genomes may have more non-coding regions, affecting the number of genes per unit of DNA. Comparing genome sizes helps in understanding evolutionary and functional differences between species.
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Comparative Genomics
Comparative genomics involves analyzing and comparing the genomes of different species to understand their evolutionary relationships and functional differences. By comparing gene density and genome size, researchers can infer how genetic complexity and organization vary among organisms, providing insights into their biology and adaptation strategies.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Revolutionaries executed Nicholas II, the last czar of Russia, along with his wife and five children, the family physician, and about a dozen servants. Many decades later, a grave said to hold the remains of the royal family was discovered. Biologists were asked to analyze DNA from the bodies. If the remains of the family were in this grave, predict how similar the DNA fingerprints would be between the parents, the children, and the unrelated individuals in the grave.
Textbook Question
Consider the validity of the following statements about genome editing. Select True or False for each statement.
T/FCas proteins work as endonucleases.
T/FsgRNA is used by bacterial cells to detect which DNA to cut.
T/FHomologous recombination is always used to join pieces of broken DNA.
T/FIt is possible to modify genes as well as disrupt them by genome editing.
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Textbook Question
One hypothesis for differences between humans and chimpanzees involves differences in gene regulation. A study using RNA-seq showed that the overall patterns of gene expression were similar in the liver and blood of the two species, but the expression patterns were strikingly different in the brain. How do these results relate to the hypothesis?
Textbook Question
The human genome size is 3 billion base pairs, and the size of the baker's yeast genome, a single-celled organism, is 12 million base pairs. Therefore, the predicted genome size for another single-celled organism, an amoeba,
a. Is about the size of the human genome
b. Is about the size of the yeast genome
c. Is somewhere between the sizes of the yeast and human genomes
d. Cannot be predicted with any certainty
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Textbook Question
A friend who works in a research lab performed a GWAS and discovered a tight association between a SNP allele and the disease she is studying. She concluded that the SNP allele must be the mutation that causes the disease. Explain why she is likely to be wrong.