Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

Freeman - Biological Science 8th Edition

Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263Not the one you use?Change textbook

Freeman 8th Edition

Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

Problem 6

Chapter 15, Problem 6

Analyze the following statements about DNA synthesis. Select True or False for each statement.
T/FAn RNA polymerase is essential for DNA synthesis.
T/FOkazaki fragments would be unnecessary if DNA polymerase could synthesize DNA in both the 3'→5' and 5'→3' directions.
T/FDNA ligase is used more frequently on the lagging strand than on the leading strand.
T/FToposiomerase is required to separate the two strands of DNA at the replication fork.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of RNA polymerase: RNA polymerase is primarily involved in the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template during transcription, not DNA synthesis. DNA synthesis requires DNA polymerase, not RNA polymerase.

Consider the directionality of DNA synthesis: DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction. Okazaki fragments are short sequences synthesized on the lagging strand because DNA polymerase cannot synthesize in the 3' to 5' direction. If DNA polymerase could synthesize in both directions, Okazaki fragments would not be necessary.

Examine the function of DNA ligase: DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together. On the lagging strand, multiple Okazaki fragments are synthesized, requiring DNA ligase to join them. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, so DNA ligase is used less frequently.

Clarify the role of topoisomerase: Topoisomerase helps relieve the tension in the DNA helix during replication but does not separate the strands. Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding and separating the two strands at the replication fork.

Review each statement based on the explanations provided: Use the understanding of each enzyme's role and the process of DNA synthesis to determine the truthfulness of each statement.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

DNA Polymerase Directionality

DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, which is crucial for understanding why Okazaki fragments are formed. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase must work in short segments, creating Okazaki fragments, because it cannot synthesize in the 3' to 5' direction. This limitation necessitates the discontinuous synthesis of DNA on the lagging strand.

Role of DNA Ligase

DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together by forming phosphodiester bonds. It is used more frequently on the lagging strand during DNA replication because it is responsible for connecting the Okazaki fragments into a continuous strand. On the leading strand, DNA synthesis is continuous, requiring less frequent use of DNA ligase.

Function of Topoisomerase

Topoisomerase is an enzyme that helps relieve the tension in the DNA helix ahead of the replication fork by cutting, unwinding, and rejoining DNA strands. It is not directly involved in separating the two strands of DNA; this task is performed by helicase. Topoisomerase ensures that the DNA does not become overly coiled or tangled during replication.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Telomerase synthesizes DNA in the _____ direction.

Textbook Question

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage?

(b) the antiparallel orientation of strands in the double helix

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Textbook Question

Researchers design experiments so that only one thing is different between the treatments that are being compared. In the Hershey–Chase experiment, what was this single difference?

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Textbook Question

How does telomerase prevent linear chromosomes from shortening during replication?

Textbook Question

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage?

(a) the polarity of each DNA strand

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Textbook Question

How are Okazaki fragments synthesized?

a. By using the leading-strand template, and synthesizing 5'→3'

b. By using the leading-strand template, and synthesizing 3'→5'

c. By using the lagging-strand template, and synthesizing 5'→3'

d. By using the lagging-strand template, and synthesizing 3'→5'.