Textbook Question
Nondisjunction that leads to problems in offspring can occur in:
a. Mitosis
b. Meiosis I only
c. Meiosis I and II
d. Mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis II
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Ch. 13 - Meiosis
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 13, Problem 6
If you followed a woman's cells through meiosis, at what stage of meiosis would the amount of DNA in one of these cells be equal to the amount of DNA in one of her G1 phase (before DNA replication) kidney cells?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the stages of meiosis: Meiosis consists of two consecutive divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, each with prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase stages.
Recognize that during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, cells have a diploid amount of DNA, which has not yet been replicated.
Recall that DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle, following G1 and before meiosis begins, resulting in each chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids.
Identify that during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate but sister chromatids do not. Thus, cells at the end of meiosis I have half the number of chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids, which is still double the DNA content of a G1 phase cell.
Conclude that it is during meiosis II, specifically after anaphase II when sister chromatids separate, that the cells have the same amount of DNA as a G1 phase cell. Therefore, the stage where the DNA amount is equal to that of a G1 phase kidney cell is at the end of meiosis II.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells from one diploid cell. It consists of two sequential divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated in meiosis I, and sister chromatids are separated in meiosis II, ultimately leading to the formation of gametes.
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Meiosis I & Meiosis II
DNA Content and Cell Cycle Phases
The cell cycle consists of several phases, including G1, S, G2, and M. In the G1 phase, cells have a diploid amount of DNA (2n), which is the normal state before DNA replication. After the S phase, the DNA content doubles (4n) as each chromosome is replicated, but during meiosis, the DNA content is halved again during the first meiotic division.
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Meiosis I and DNA Amount
During meiosis I, specifically at the end of prophase I and metaphase I, the cells still contain the diploid amount of DNA (2n) because the DNA has been replicated but not yet separated. Therefore, at this stage, the amount of DNA in the cells undergoing meiosis is equal to that of a G1 phase cell, which also has a diploid DNA content before replication.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Norway rats have 42 chromosomes in their diploid cells. If such a cell enters meiosis, how many chromosomes and double-helical molecules of DNA will be present in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis II?
a. 21 chromosomes and 21 double-helical DNA molecules
b. 21 chromosomes and 42 double-helical DNA molecules
c. 42 chromosomes and 42 double-helical DNA molecules
d. 42 chromosomes and 84 double-helical DNA molecules
Textbook Question
Triploid (3n) watermelons, which are seedless, are produced by crossing a tetraploid (4n) strain with a diploid (2n) plant. Explain why this mating produces a triploid individual.
Textbook Question
Select True or False for each statement.
Sister chromatids are homologous chromosomes.
Non-sister chromatids are found on two different homologs.
Crossing over occurs between sister chromatids.
A chiasma forms between two of the four molecules of double-stranded DNA on duplicated homologous chromosomes.
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Textbook Question
What proportion of chromosomes in a man's skin cell are maternal chromosomes?
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Textbook Question
Meiosis results in independent assortment of egg-derived and sperm-derived chromosomes. If 2𝑛=4 for a given organism, and there is no crossing over, what is the chance that a gamete produced by this diploid organism will receive only sperm-derived chromosomes? In domestic cats, 2𝑛=38. What is the chance that a cat gamete contains only egg-derived chromosomes?