Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Campbell - Campbell Biology 11th Edition

Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311Not the one you use?Change textbook

Urry 11th Edition

Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Problem 7

Chapter 38, Problem 7

The black dots that cover strawberries are actually fruits formed from the separate carpels of a single flower. The fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of a flower with many separate carpels. Therefore, a strawberry is:
a. A simple fruit with many seeds
b. Both a multiple fruit and an accessory fruit
c. Both a simple fruit and an aggregate fruit
d. Both an aggregate fruit and an accessory fruit

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the definition of an aggregate fruit: It is formed from a single flower with multiple carpels, each developing into a small fruit. The black dots on strawberries are the individual fruits from separate carpels, indicating an aggregate fruit.

Recognize the definition of an accessory fruit: It is a fruit where some of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel. In strawberries, the fleshy part is derived from the receptacle, making it an accessory fruit.

Analyze the options: A simple fruit develops from a single carpel or several fused carpels, which does not apply to strawberries. A multiple fruit forms from a cluster of flowers, which also does not apply.

Eliminate incorrect options: Option a is incorrect because strawberries are not simple fruits. Option b is incorrect because strawberries are not multiple fruits. Option c is incorrect because strawberries are not simple fruits.

Conclude with the correct option: Based on the definitions and analysis, the correct answer is d, as strawberries are both aggregate fruits and accessory fruits.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Aggregate Fruit

An aggregate fruit develops from a single flower that has multiple carpels, each forming a small fruitlet. These fruitlets cluster together to form the entire fruit. Strawberries are an example, where each black dot on the surface is an individual fruitlet, making the strawberry an aggregate fruit.

Accessory Fruit

An accessory fruit is one where some of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel. In strawberries, the fleshy part we eat is derived from the receptacle of the flower, not the ovaries, classifying it as an accessory fruit.

Carpel

A carpel is the female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of an ovary, a stigma, and usually a style. In strawberries, each carpel develops into a small individual fruit, which is why the surface of a strawberry is covered with tiny, seed-like structures, each representing a separate carpel's fruit.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Draw and label the parts of a flower.

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Textbook Question

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

a. Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species.

b. Stocks and scions must come from unrelated species.

c. Stocks provide root systems for grafting.

d. Grafting creates new species.

Textbook Question

A small flower with green petals is most likely:

a. Bee-pollinated

b. Bird-pollinated

c. Bat-pollinated

d. Wind-pollinated

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Textbook Question

Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

a. Embryo XY/endosperm XXX or embryo XX/endosperm XXY

b. Embryo XX/endosperm XX or embryo XY/endosperm XY

c. Embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XYY

d. Embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY