Textbook Question
If you were using cladistics to build a phylogenetic tree of cats, which of the following would be the best outgroup?
a. Wolf
b. Domestic cat
c. Lion
d. Leopard
Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle11
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance6
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology7
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth8
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life8
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea6
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants6
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development10
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition11
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System5
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction9
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology9
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 26, Problem 7
The relative lengths of the frog and mouse branches in the phylogenetic tree in Figure 26.13 indicate that:
<IMAGE>
a. Frogs evolved before mice
b. Mice evolved before frogs
c. The homolog has evolved more rapidly in mice
d. The homolog has evolved more slowly in mice
Verified step by step guidance1
Examine the phylogenetic tree provided in the image. Note that the tree represents evolutionary relationships among species, with branch lengths indicating the amount of genetic change or evolutionary divergence.
Identify the branches corresponding to the frog and mouse. Observe that the branch length for the mouse is longer than that of the frog.
Understand that longer branch lengths in a phylogenetic tree typically indicate a greater amount of genetic change or faster evolutionary divergence over time.
Interpret the relative branch lengths: the longer branch for the mouse suggests that the homolog (gene or trait being studied) has evolved more rapidly in mice compared to frogs.
Conclude that the correct answer is related to the rate of evolution of the homolog, specifically that the homolog has evolved more rapidly in mice.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Phylogenetic Tree
A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. The branches indicate the lineage and the relative lengths can suggest the amount of evolutionary change or time elapsed.
Recommended video:
04:13
Building Phylogenetic Trees Example 2
Homologous Genes
Homologous genes are genes inherited from a common ancestor that may have similar sequences and functions across different species. The rate of evolution of these genes can vary, affecting the length of branches in a phylogenetic tree, which reflects the genetic divergence over time.
Recommended video:
Guided course
08:09Homologous Chromosomes
Evolutionary Rate
Evolutionary rate refers to the speed at which genetic changes accumulate in a species over time. In phylogenetic trees, longer branches typically indicate a faster rate of evolution, while shorter branches suggest slower evolutionary changes. This concept helps in interpreting the relative lengths of branches in the tree.
Recommended video:
02:45History of Evolutionary Theory Example 1
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Based on the tree below, which statement is not correct? <IMAGE>
a. Goats and humans form a sister group
b. Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards, goats, and humans
c. Salamanders are as closely related to goats as to humans
d. Lizards are more closely related to salamanders than to humans
Textbook Question
Based on the tree below, which statement is correct?
a. Lizards and goats form a sister group.
b. Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards, goats, and humans.
c. Salamanders are more closely related to lizards than to humans.
d. Goats and humans are the only sister group shown in this tree.