By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____.

Stony corals secrete thin layers of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to build the foundation of coral reefs. The relationship between calcium carbonate, carbonic acid, and calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2) is shown below:

CH2O3(𝑎𝑞)+CaCO3(𝑠) ⇌ Ca(HCO3)2(𝑎𝑞)

Predict what will happen to the calcium carbonate foundation of reefs as CO2 levels rise in the oceans.

The current average pH of our oceans is 8.1. What is the concentration of protons in the oceans? How has the proton concentration changed in our oceans when compared to before the industrial revolution, when the average pH was 8.2? Express this change as a percentage increase.

In a neutral solution, the concentration of __________.

A base _______:

Which of the following statements about buffers is true?