Textbook Question
What type of information is used to direct different polypeptides to fold into different shapes?
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Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 3, Problem 1
What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?
a. an R-group and a hydroxyl group
b. an amino group and a hydroxyl group
c. an amino group and a carboxyl group
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the central carbon in an amino acid, which is also known as the alpha carbon.
Recognize that each amino acid has a specific side chain known as an R-group attached to the central carbon.
Understand that in addition to the R-group, there are two other groups attached to the central carbon: an amino group and a carboxyl group.
Recall that the amino group is characterized by the presence of nitrogen (typically NH2), and the carboxyl group contains a double-bonded oxygen and an OH group (COOH).
Conclude that the correct answer must include both an amino group and a carboxyl group attached to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Amino Acids
Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom (the alpha carbon) bonded to four different groups: an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R-group (side chain) that determines the specific properties of the amino acid.
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04:37
Amino Acids
Functional Groups
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In amino acids, the two key functional groups are the amino group (-NH2), which acts as a base, and the carboxyl group (-COOH), which acts as an acid, allowing amino acids to participate in various biochemical processes.
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06:04Functional Groups
Peptide Bond Formation
Peptide bonds are covalent bonds that link amino acids together to form proteins. This bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of water in a dehydration synthesis reaction. Understanding this process is crucial for grasping how amino acids combine to create polypeptides and ultimately proteins.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What type of bond is directly involved in the formation of an α-helix?
a. Peptide bonds between amino acid residues
b. Hydrogen bonds between amino acid residues
c. Van der Waals interactions between nonpolar residues
d. Disulfide bonds between cysteine residues
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Textbook Question
Which of the following correctly describe an active site? Select True or False for each statement.
T/F It is the location in an enzyme where substrates bind.
T/F It is the place where a molecule or ion binds to an inactive enzyme to induce a shape change to make it active.
T/F It is the portion of an enzyme where chaperones bind to help enzymes fold.
T/F It is the site on an enzyme where catalysis occurs.
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