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Cell Organelles definitions

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  • Nucleus
    Stores and protects genetic material; surrounded by a double membrane with pores for regulated material exchange.
  • Nuclear Envelope
    Double membrane encasing genetic material; contains pores for selective transport between interior and cytoplasm.
  • Nuclear Pore
    Openings in the nuclear membrane that regulate passage of molecules into and out of the genetic compartment.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
    Network of membranes connected to the nucleus; includes rough and smooth types with distinct roles in synthesis and detoxification.
  • Rough ER
    Membranous structure studded with protein-making particles; assists in folding and modifying newly made proteins.
  • Smooth ER
    Membranous network lacking protein-making particles; involved in detoxification and production of carbohydrates and lipids.
  • Golgi Apparatus
    Stacked membrane structure that tags, packages, and ships proteins and lipids to their destinations inside or outside the cell.
  • Plasma Membrane
    Outer boundary of the cell; acts as a barrier and controls entry and exit of substances.
  • Vesicle
    Small membrane-bound bubble that stores and transports materials; can bud off or fuse with other cellular structures.
  • Lysosome
    Specialized vesicle containing digestive enzymes; breaks down foreign particles and recycles cellular components.
  • Ribosome
    Complex of RNA and proteins; consists of two subunits and is essential for building proteins from RNA templates.
  • Cytoskeleton
    Network of protein filaments providing structural support, enabling movement, and facilitating internal transport.
  • Actin Filament
    Smallest protein strand in the structural network; found at cell periphery and involved in shape and movement.
  • Intermediate Filament
    Medium-sized protein strand distributed throughout the cell; contributes to mechanical strength and stability.
  • Microtubule
    Largest protein strand in the structural network; crucial for cell division and transport of materials within the cell.