Textbook Question
The most important factor affecting the pH of body tissues is the concentration of:
(a) Lactic acid
(b) Ketone bodies,
(c) Metabolic acids
(d) Carbon dioxide
(e) Hydrochloric acid
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Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization30
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure36
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses16
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System20
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation29
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity31
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System12
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes32
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance23
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 26, Problem 3
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor the osmotic concentration of the ECF and secrete _______ in response to higher osmotic concentrations.
(a) BNP
(b) ANP
(c) aldosterone
(d) ADH
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of osmoreceptors: Osmoreceptors are specialized neurons located in the hypothalamus that detect changes in the osmotic concentration (osmolality) of the extracellular fluid (ECF). When the osmotic concentration increases, it indicates that the ECF is more concentrated, often due to dehydration or increased solute levels.
Recall the hormone secreted in response to increased osmotic concentration: The hypothalamus responds to high osmotic concentration by signaling the posterior pituitary gland to release a hormone that helps conserve water and restore balance.
Identify the hormone options given: BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide), ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide), aldosterone, and ADH (antidiuretic hormone).
Match the hormone function to the stimulus: BNP and ANP are involved in reducing blood volume and pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion. Aldosterone promotes sodium retention but is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to different stimuli. ADH, also known as vasopressin, is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to increased osmotic concentration to promote water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Conclude that the correct hormone secreted by osmoreceptors in response to higher osmotic concentration is ADH.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Osmoreceptors and Osmoregulation
Osmoreceptors are specialized neurons in the hypothalamus that detect changes in the osmotic concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF). When the ECF becomes more concentrated (hyperosmotic), these receptors trigger physiological responses to restore balance, such as hormone secretion to regulate water retention.
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Function
ADH, also known as vasopressin, is a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to signals from osmoreceptors. It acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing urine output and diluting the blood plasma to lower osmotic concentration.
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Distinction Between BNP, ANP, Aldosterone, and ADH
BNP and ANP are hormones involved in reducing blood volume and pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion. Aldosterone increases sodium retention to raise blood volume. ADH specifically responds to osmotic changes by controlling water retention, making it the correct hormone secreted in response to high osmotic concentration.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Write the missing names and molecular formulas for the following reactions between the carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system and the bicarbonate reserve.
a. ___
b. ___
c. ___
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Textbook Question
The principal anions in the ICF are:
(a) Phosphate and proteins (Pr⁻)
(b) Phosphate and bicarbonate
(c) Sodium and chloride
(d) Sodium and potassium
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Textbook Question
The primary components of the ECF are:
(a) Lymph and cerebrospinal fluid
(b) Plasma and serous fluids
(c) Interstitial fluid and plasma
(d) All of these
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Textbook Question
Calcium homeostasis primarily reflects:
(a) A balance between absorption in the gut and excretion by the kidneys
(b) Careful regulation of the blood calcium level by the kidneys
(c) An interplay between parathyroid hormone and aldosterone,
(d) An interplay among reserves in the bones, the rate of absorption, and the rate of excretion
(e) Hormonal control of calcium reserves in the bones
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