Textbook Question
The reflexes that control the most rapid, stereotyped motor responses to stimuli are
(a) Monosynaptic reflexes
(b) Polysynaptic reflexes
(c) Tendon reflexes
(d) Extensor reflexes
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Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization30
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure36
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses16
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System20
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation29
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity31
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System12
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes32
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance23
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal ReflexesProblem 15
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal ReflexesProblem 15Chapter 13, Problem 15
Proceeding deep from the most superficial structure, number the following in the correct sequence:
(a) _____ walls of vertebral canal
(b) _____ dura mater
(c) _____ subdural space
(d) _____ epidural space
(e) _____ pia mater
(f) _____ arachnoid membrane
(g) _____ subarachnoid space
(h) _____ spinal cord
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the most superficial structure listed. The vertebral canal walls are the outermost bony structure surrounding the spinal cord, so this will be numbered first.
Step 2: Next, consider the spaces and membranes that lie just inside the vertebral canal walls. The epidural space is located between the vertebral canal walls and the dura mater, so it comes after the vertebral canal walls.
Step 3: Following the epidural space, the dura mater is the tough outer membrane covering the spinal cord, so it is next in sequence.
Step 4: Inside the dura mater is the subdural space, a potential space between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane, so it follows the dura mater.
Step 5: Next is the arachnoid membrane, which lies just inside the subdural space, followed by the subarachnoid space beneath it, then the pia mater directly covering the spinal cord, and finally the spinal cord itself as the deepest structure.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Anatomy of the Vertebral Canal
The vertebral canal is the bony passage formed by vertebrae that houses the spinal cord and its protective coverings. Understanding its layers from superficial to deep is essential to correctly sequence the structures, starting from the vertebral bones to the spinal cord itself.
Recommended video:
Guided course
6:29
Spine (Vertebral Column)
Meninges and Their Layers
The meninges are three protective membranes surrounding the spinal cord: dura mater (outermost), arachnoid mater (middle), and pia mater (innermost). Each layer has associated spaces (epidural, subdural, subarachnoid) that are important landmarks in the sequence.
Recommended video:
Guided course
5:59Fibrous Layer
Spaces Between Meningeal Layers
Between the meningeal layers are specific spaces: the epidural space lies outside the dura mater, the subdural space is between dura and arachnoid mater, and the subarachnoid space lies between arachnoid and pia mater, containing cerebrospinal fluid. Recognizing these spaces helps in ordering the structures correctly.
Recommended video:
Guided course
5:59Fibrous Layer
Related Practice
Textbook Question
The contraction of flexor muscles and the relaxation of extensor muscles illustrate the principle of
(a) Reverberating circuitry
(b) Generalized facilitation
(c) Reciprocal inhibition
(d) Reinforcement
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Textbook Question
List, in sequence, the five steps involved in a neural reflex.
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Textbook Question
Reflex arcs in which the sensory stimulus and the motor response occur on the same side of the body are:
(a) Contralateral
(b) Paraesthetic
c) Ipsilateral
(d) Monosynaptic.
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Textbook Question
Why do cervical nerves outnumber cervical vertebrae?
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Textbook Question
Polysynaptic reflexes can produce far more complicated responses than can monosynaptic reflexes because
(a) The response time is quicker.
(b) The response is initiated by highly sensitive receptors.
(c) Motor neurons carry impulses at a faster rate than do sensory neurons.
(d) The interneurons involved can control several muscle groups.
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