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Ch. 15 The Urinary System
Marieb - Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology 13th Edition
Marieb13th EditionEssentials of Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780135624340Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksMarieb 13th EditionCh. 15 The Urinary SystemProblem 10
Chapter 15, Problem 10

Describe the location of the kidneys in the body.

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The kidneys are located in the posterior abdominal cavity, on either side of the vertebral column.
They are positioned retroperitoneally, meaning they lie behind the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity.
The right kidney is typically slightly lower than the left kidney due to the presence of the liver on the right side.
The kidneys are protected by the lower ribs and surrounded by layers of fat and connective tissue, which help cushion and anchor them in place.
Each kidney is located between the levels of the T12 and L3 vertebrae, with the upper poles closer to the thoracic spine and the lower poles closer to the lumbar spine.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Anatomical Position

The anatomical position is a standard reference point used in anatomy to describe the location of body parts. In this position, the body is standing upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward. Understanding this position is crucial for accurately describing the location of organs, including the kidneys.
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Anatomical Position

Retroperitoneal Space

The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space, which is the area behind the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. This positioning means that the kidneys are not situated within the abdominal cavity itself but rather behind it, providing a protective environment and anchoring them to the posterior abdominal wall.
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Organization of the Body: Abdominopelvic Cavity Example 1

Kidney Location and Function

The kidneys are typically located on either side of the vertebral column, at the level of the T12 to L3 vertebrae. Their position is significant not only for anatomical understanding but also for their function in filtering blood and producing urine, as their placement allows for efficient vascular supply and drainage through the renal arteries and veins.
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The Kidneys Example 2
Related Practice
Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.

What is the glomerulus?

a. The same as the renal tubule

b. The same as Bowman's capsule

c. The same as the nephron

d. Capillaries

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.

Urine passes through the ureters by which mechanism?

a. Ciliary action

b. Gravity alone

c. Peristalsis

d. Suction

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Textbook Question

Trace the pathway a uric acid molecule takes from a glomerulus to the urethra. Name every gross or microscopic structure it passes through on its journey.

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply.

Which of the following is dependent on tubular secretion?

a. Clearing penicillin from the blood

b. Removal of nitrogenous wastes that have been reabsorbed

c. Removal of excess potassium ions from the blood

d. Control of blood pH

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Textbook Question

Using the image provided, identify and label the cortex, medulla, medullary pyramids, renal columns, and pelvis.

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Textbook Question

What is the function of the glomerulus?