Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units

Marieb - Human Anatomy & Physiology 11th Edition

Marieb, Hoehn11th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874034Not the one you use?Change textbook

Marieb, Hoehn 11th Edition

Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units

Problem 10

Chapter 3, Problem 10

The RNA species that travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm carrying the coded message specifying the sequence of amino acids in the protein to be made is
a. mRNA
b. tRNA
c. rRNA
d. all of these

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the roles of different RNA types in protein synthesis. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where proteins are made.

Step 2: Recognize that transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis but does not carry the coded message from the nucleus.

Step 3: Know that ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural and functional component of ribosomes, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins, but it does not carry the genetic code.

Step 4: Identify that the RNA species responsible for traveling from the nucleus to the cytoplasm carrying the coded message specifying the amino acid sequence is mRNA.

Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is mRNA, as it is the RNA that transmits the genetic information needed for protein synthesis.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

mRNA is the RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. It contains codons that specify the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

tRNA is responsible for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA recognizes specific codons on the mRNA through its anticodon and helps assemble the amino acid chain.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

rRNA is a structural and functional component of ribosomes, the cellular machinery where proteins are synthesized. It helps catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during translation.

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Ribosome Subunits

Related Practice

Textbook Question

The phase of mitosis during which centrioles reach the poles and chromosomes attach to the spindle is

a. Anaphase

b. Metaphase

c. Prophase

d. Telophase

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Textbook Question

A physiologist observes that the concentration of sodium inside a cell is decidedly lower than that outside the cell. She also observes that there is a small leakage of sodium into the cell. What cellular process prevents the sodium concentration gradient from disappearing?

a. Osmosis

b. Diffusion

c. Primary active transport

d. Secondary active transport

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Textbook Question

The information sequence that determines the nature of a protein is:

a. Nucleotide

b. Gene

c. Triplet

d. Codon

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Textbook Question

Cells lining the trachea have whiplike motile extensions on their free surfaces. What are these extensions, what is their source, and what is their function?

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Textbook Question

The RNA synthesized on one of the DNA strands is:

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. all of these.

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Textbook Question

If DNA has a sequence of AAA, then a segment of mRNA synthesized on it will have a sequence of:

a. TTT

b. UUU