Textbook Question
Define glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipogenesis. What is (are) likely to be occurring:
a. Shortly after a carbohydrate-rich meal
b. Just before waking up in the morning?
Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance
Marieb, Hoehn11th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874034
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation24
- Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive25
- Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units21
- Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric20
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System11
- Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues19
- Ch. 7 The Skeleton14
- Ch. 8 Joints7
- Ch. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue26
- Ch. 10 The Muscular System26
- Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue19
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System26
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity32
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System19
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses26
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System23
- Ch. 17 Blood25
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart24
- Ch. 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels27
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues14
- Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses27
- Ch. 22 The Respiratory System21
- Ch. 23 The Digestive System31
- Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance26
- Ch. 25 The Urinary System26
- Ch. 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance24
- Ch. 27 The Reproductive System24
- Ch. 28 Pregnancy and Human Development25
- Ch. 29 Heredity11
Marieb, Hoehn11th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874034Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 24, Problem 19
List some factors that influence plasma cholesterol levels. Also list the sources and fates of cholesterol in the body.
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Identify and list the main factors that influence plasma cholesterol levels, such as dietary intake of saturated and trans fats, genetic predisposition, physical activity, age, sex, and certain medical conditions or medications.
Explain the sources of cholesterol in the body, which include dietary cholesterol absorbed from the intestines and cholesterol synthesized primarily by the liver through the mevalonate pathway.
Describe the transport of cholesterol in the bloodstream, emphasizing the role of lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in carrying cholesterol to and from tissues.
Outline the fates of cholesterol in the body, including its incorporation into cell membranes, conversion into steroid hormones and bile acids, and storage or excretion via bile into the digestive tract.
Summarize how the balance between cholesterol intake, synthesis, utilization, and excretion determines plasma cholesterol levels and overall cholesterol homeostasis.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Factors Influencing Plasma Cholesterol Levels
Plasma cholesterol levels are affected by diet, genetics, age, sex, and lifestyle factors such as physical activity and smoking. Dietary intake of saturated fats and trans fats can raise cholesterol, while fiber and unsaturated fats may lower it. Genetic conditions like familial hypercholesterolemia also play a significant role.
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Levels of Organization Example 1
Sources of Cholesterol in the Body
Cholesterol in the body comes from two main sources: endogenous synthesis primarily in the liver and dietary intake from animal-based foods. The liver produces cholesterol to meet bodily needs, while dietary cholesterol is absorbed in the intestines and transported via lipoproteins.
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Fates of Cholesterol in the Body
Cholesterol is used for cell membrane structure, synthesis of steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D. Excess cholesterol is transported back to the liver for excretion in bile or conversion into bile acids, helping regulate overall cholesterol balance.
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Related Practice
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Distinguish between the role of HDLs and that of LDLs.
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What is meant by 'body energy balance,' and what happens if the balance is not precise?
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Make a flowchart that indicates the pivotal intermediates through which glucose can be converted to fat.
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What is the harmful result when excessive amounts of fats are burned for energy? Name two conditions that might lead to this result.
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Calculate the number of ATP molecules that can be harvested during the complete oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid.