Ch. 29 Heredity
Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott12th EditionMarieb Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138242732
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation25
- Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive24
- Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units24
- Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric19
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System12
- Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues19
- Ch. 7 The Skeleton14
- Ch. 8 Joints7
- Ch. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue26
- Ch. 10 The Muscular System25
- Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue23
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System25
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity30
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System16
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses26
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System26
- Ch. 17 Blood27
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart25
- Ch. 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels27
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues16
- Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses27
- Ch. 22 The Respiratory System21
- Ch. 23 The Digestive System31
- Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance26
- Ch. 25 The Urinary System26
- Ch. 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance24
- Ch. 27 The Reproductive System24
- Ch. 28 Pregnancy and Human Development25
- Ch. 29 Heredity11
Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott12th EditionMarieb Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138242732Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 29, Problem 1
Match each of the following key terms (a–i) with its description
below:
Key:
(a) alleles
(b) autosomes
(c) dominant allele
(d) genotype
(e) heterozygote
(f) homozygote
(g) phenotype
(h) recessive allele
(i) sex chromosomes
____ (1) genetic makeup
____ (2) how genetic makeup is expressed
____ (3) chromosomes that dictate most body characteristics
____ (4) alternate forms of the same gene
____ (5) an individual bearing two alleles that are the same for a particular trait
____ (6) an allele that is expressed whether in single or double dose
____ (7) an individual bearing two alleles that differ for a particular trait
____ (8) an allele that must be present in double dose to be expressed
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the term 'genotype' as the genetic makeup of an organism. This refers to the specific alleles an individual carries for a particular gene. So, match 'genotype' with description (1).
Step 2: Recognize 'phenotype' as the observable expression or characteristics resulting from the genotype. This corresponds to how the genetic makeup is expressed, matching description (2).
Step 3: Identify 'autosomes' as chromosomes that carry most of the body's genetic information, excluding sex determination. These are the chromosomes that dictate most body characteristics, matching description (3).
Step 4: Define 'alleles' as alternate forms of the same gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes. This matches description (4).
Step 5: Differentiate between 'homozygote' and 'heterozygote': a homozygote has two identical alleles for a trait (matching description (5)), while a heterozygote has two different alleles for a trait (matching description (7)). Also, understand 'dominant allele' as one expressed in single or double dose (matching description (6)) and 'recessive allele' as one expressed only when present in double dose (matching description (8)).
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Alleles
Alleles are different versions of the same gene found at a specific locus on a chromosome. They can vary in sequence and influence traits differently, such as dominant or recessive forms, determining how a trait is expressed in an organism.
Recommended video:
03:39
Dominant vs. Recessive Alleles
Genotype and Phenotype
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the combination of alleles it carries. Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics resulting from the genotype and environmental influences.
Recommended video:
06:36Genotype & Phenotype
Dominant and Recessive Alleles
Dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to be expressed. This relationship explains how traits are inherited and why some traits may skip generations.
Recommended video:
03:39Dominant vs. Recessive Alleles
Related Practice