Textbook Question
Explain the differences between red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow.
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Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology24
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life37
- Ch. 3 The Cell54
- Ch. 4 Histology46
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System35
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System41
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart28
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity41
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 6, Problem L3.3
Lucy Dupre is a 2-year-old girl living in northern Canada. You notice that her growth seems abnormally slow and she has exhibited signs of weakened bones, including fractures. Her parents admit they have not supplemented her diet with vitamin D, as they feel that any supplementation is 'unnatural' and 'not organic.' Explain why Lucy is having problems with her bones and bone growth.
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Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines. Without sufficient vitamin D, the body cannot effectively absorb calcium from the diet, leading to a deficiency in calcium levels in the bloodstream.
Calcium is a critical mineral for bone mineralization. When calcium levels are low, the body cannot deposit enough calcium into the bone matrix, resulting in weakened bones and poor bone growth.
In children, a lack of vitamin D and calcium can lead to a condition called rickets, which is characterized by soft, weak bones, delayed growth, and an increased risk of fractures. Lucy's symptoms align with this condition.
Northern Canada has limited sunlight exposure, especially during the winter months. Sunlight is a natural source of vitamin D, as the skin synthesizes it when exposed to UVB rays. Lucy's location likely exacerbates her vitamin D deficiency.
To address Lucy's condition, her parents should consider incorporating vitamin D-rich foods (e.g., fortified milk, fatty fish) or supplements into her diet. This will help restore her calcium absorption and support healthy bone growth and repair.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Vitamin D and Bone Health
Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption in the body, which is crucial for maintaining healthy bones. Inadequate levels of vitamin D can lead to weakened bones and conditions such as rickets in children, characterized by bone pain, deformities, and fractures. Since Lucy's parents have not supplemented her diet with vitamin D, her body may not be absorbing enough calcium, leading to her growth and bone issues.
Dietary Sources of Vitamin D
Vitamin D can be obtained through dietary sources such as fatty fish, fortified dairy products, and egg yolks, as well as through sunlight exposure. In northern Canada, limited sunlight during certain seasons can further exacerbate vitamin D deficiency. Understanding the dietary sources of vitamin D is crucial for ensuring adequate intake, especially in young children like Lucy who are still developing.
Impact of Nutrition on Growth
Proper nutrition is vital for growth and development in children. A balanced diet that includes essential vitamins and minerals supports overall health, including bone density and growth rates. In Lucy's case, the lack of vitamin D and possibly other nutrients due to her parents' dietary choices may hinder her growth and contribute to her bone fragility, highlighting the importance of nutrition in early childhood development.
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Fouz Akkad is a 6-year-old girl who has been diagnosed with a rare genetic defect in which her lysosomes are unable to maintain an acidic pH. What are lysosomes? Why do lysosomes require an acidic pH? How will this affect the ability of certain bone cells to function? What consequences will this disease have on Fouz's bones?
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How could a disease that affects primarily cartilage impact bone growth and bone formation?
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Textbook Question
Explain why young men who take anabolic steroids (which mimic the actions of testosterone) often display stunted growth and have an overall shorter stature.
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Textbook Question
Explain why a person who is wheelchair-bound or bed-bound often has very low bone mass, especially in his or her legs.
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Textbook Question
It used to be common practice in surgical fracture repair to strip and remove the periosteum. Now, however, surgeons take great care to avoid damaging the periosteum. Explain why, and describe what would likely happen to bone healing with the periosteum missing.
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