Textbook Question
Certain types of cancerous lung tumors can secrete hormones normally made by the pancreas, adrenal gland, and hypothalamus. What prevents such secretion from happening in healthy cells?
Ch. 4 Histology
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology24
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life37
- Ch. 3 The Cell54
- Ch. 4 Histology46
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System35
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System41
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart28
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity41
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 4, Problem L3.A3
In the disease pulmonary fibrosis, elastic fibers of the lung are destroyed and replaced with collagen fibers. Predict the effect this would have on breathing.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of elastic fibers in the lungs: Elastic fibers are crucial for the lungs' ability to stretch and recoil during breathing. They allow the lungs to expand when inhaling and return to their original shape during exhaling.
Recognize the properties of collagen fibers: Collagen fibers are less elastic and more rigid compared to elastic fibers. Their presence in the lungs would reduce the ability of the lung tissue to stretch and recoil effectively.
Analyze the impact on inhalation: With reduced elasticity, the lungs would require more effort to expand during inhalation, making it harder for the individual to take in air.
Analyze the impact on exhalation: The loss of elastic recoil means the lungs would not return to their original shape easily, making exhalation less efficient and potentially trapping air in the lungs.
Predict the overall effect on breathing: Breathing would become labored, and the individual may experience shortness of breath, reduced oxygen exchange, and increased fatigue due to the extra effort required for both inhalation and exhalation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease characterized by the thickening and stiffening of lung tissue, which can lead to a decline in lung function. In this condition, the normal elastic fibers in the lungs are damaged and replaced by collagen, resulting in reduced elasticity and compliance of the lung tissue. This change impairs the lungs' ability to expand and contract effectively during breathing.
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Elastic Fibers vs. Collagen Fibers
Elastic fibers are proteins that provide elasticity and resilience to tissues, allowing them to stretch and return to their original shape. In contrast, collagen fibers are strong and provide structural support but lack elasticity. The replacement of elastic fibers with collagen in pulmonary fibrosis leads to a stiffer lung structure, making it more difficult for the lungs to expand during inhalation, which can result in shortness of breath.
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Lung Compliance
Lung compliance refers to the ability of the lung tissue to stretch and expand in response to pressure changes during breathing. High compliance indicates that the lungs can easily expand, while low compliance means they are stiff and require more effort to inflate. In pulmonary fibrosis, the replacement of elastic fibers with collagen decreases lung compliance, making it harder for individuals to breathe deeply and efficiently, leading to respiratory distress.
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If you were to cut through epithelial tissue without penetrating the basement membrane, would you expect bleeding to occur? Why or why not?
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In the disease scleroderma, excessive collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins are produced and deposited in tissues throughout the body. Predict the effects of this disease.
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Epithelial cells of the kidneys have pumps that drive the transcellular transport of sodium ions.
Is this epithelium likely to be simple or stratified? Why?
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Predict which organelles are likely to be abundant in cells such as fibroblasts that actively produce and secrete proteins.
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Textbook Question
Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen. Predict the effect that a vitamin C deficiency (a disease called scurvy) would have on bone tissue, dense regular collagenous connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, and cartilage. What symptoms would you expect to see from this disease?
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