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Ch. 3 The Cell
Amerman- Human Anatomy & Physiology 3e
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksAmerman 3rd EditionCh. 3 The CellProblem 15e
Chapter 3, Problem 15e

Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.
During translation, amino acids are delivered by the messenger RNA transcript.

Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the process of translation: Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain. This occurs in the ribosome.
Identify the role of mRNA: mRNA serves as the template that provides the sequence of codons, which are groups of three nucleotides that specify particular amino acids.
Clarify the role of transfer RNA (tRNA): During translation, amino acids are delivered to the ribosome by transfer RNA (tRNA), not mRNA. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA and carries the specific amino acid.
Correct the false statement: The corrected statement should read: 'During translation, amino acids are delivered by transfer RNA (tRNA), which pairs with the codons on the messenger RNA transcript.'
Review the overall process: Translation involves three main stages—initiation, elongation, and termination—where tRNA plays a critical role in delivering amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain based on the mRNA sequence.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is the biological process through which cells generate new proteins. It involves two main stages: transcription, where DNA is converted into messenger RNA (mRNA), and translation, where the mRNA is used as a template to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, ultimately forming a protein.
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Proteins

Translation

Translation is the second stage of protein synthesis, occurring in the ribosome. During this process, the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is read in sets of three (codons), and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome, where they are linked together to form a protein.
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Introduction to Translation

Role of tRNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a crucial role in translation by carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that pairs with a corresponding codon on the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain, thus facilitating accurate protein synthesis.
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Ribosomal tRNA Binding Sites
Related Practice
Textbook Question

Number the following steps of protein synthesis in the order in which they occur, starting with 1 and ending with 9.

a. _____The stop codon is reached, and the polypeptide is released. 

b. _____The small ribosomal subunit finds the start codon, and the large ribosomal subunit joins. 

c. _____The end of the gene is reached, and the pre-mRNA is released and then edited. 

d. _____The transcription factor binds the promoter. 

e. _____The protein is folded and modified to become functional. 

f. _____ RNA polymerase builds the mRNA transcript. 

g. _____mRNA and initiator tRNA bind the small ribosomal subunit. 

h. _____ New tRNAs are brought into the A site successively, and the peptide chain of the tRNA in the P site is joined to the amino acid of the tRNA in the A site.

i. ______mRNA exits the nucleus via a nuclear pore.

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Textbook Question

Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.

The enzyme RNA polymerase builds a strand of transfer RNA, whose codons are complementary to DNA's triplets.

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Textbook Question

Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.

Proteins destined for secretion from the cell enter the nucleus after translation, to be folded and modified.

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Textbook Question

Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.

A transcription factor must bind to the promoter region of a gene before the enzyme DNA synthetase is able to bind and begin transcription.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?

a. Interphase

b. Prophase

c. Anaphase

d. Metaphase

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Textbook Question

Why is regulation of the cell cycle necessary?

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