Textbook Question
The outer part of the adrenal gland is the______, which secretes______. The inner part of the adrenal gland is the_____, which secretes ______.
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Ch. 16 The Endocrine System
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology24
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life37
- Ch. 3 The Cell54
- Ch. 4 Histology46
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System35
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System41
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart28
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity41
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 16, Problem 11
Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of parathyroid hormone?
a. Parathyroid hormone regulates the metabolic rate.
b. Parathyroid hormone increases the blood calcium ion concentration.
c. Parathyroid hormone decreases the blood sodium ion concentration.
d. Parathyroid hormone causes water retention by the kidneys.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH): Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and plays a critical role in regulating calcium homeostasis in the body.
Review the physiological effects of PTH: Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity in bones (breaking down bone tissue to release calcium), enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and promoting activation of vitamin D to increase calcium absorption in the intestines.
Eliminate incorrect options based on PTH's function: a) PTH does not regulate metabolic rate; this is primarily controlled by thyroid hormones like thyroxine. c) PTH does not directly affect sodium ion concentration. d) PTH does not cause water retention; this is regulated by hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Focus on the correct option: b) PTH increases blood calcium ion concentration, which aligns with its primary function in calcium homeostasis.
Conclude the reasoning: The correct description of parathyroid hormone's role is its ability to increase blood calcium ion concentration, ensuring proper functioning of muscles, nerves, and other physiological processes.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid hormone is a peptide hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood. It is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase calcium concentration by stimulating bone resorption, enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium, and promoting renal reabsorption of calcium.
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Calcium Homeostasis
Calcium homeostasis refers to the mechanisms that maintain stable levels of calcium in the bloodstream, which is vital for various physiological functions, including muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. PTH is a key regulator in this process, working alongside calcitonin and vitamin D to ensure that calcium levels remain within a narrow range.
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Effects of PTH on the Kidneys
Parathyroid hormone affects the kidneys by increasing the reabsorption of calcium and promoting the excretion of phosphate. This action helps to elevate blood calcium levels while simultaneously managing phosphate levels, which is essential for maintaining overall mineral balance in the body.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Cortisol is:
a. A potent inhibitor of the inflammatory response.
b. An important part of the stress response.
c. Both a and b are correct.
d. Neither a nor b is correct.
Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Excess secretion of thyroid hormones produces weight gain, cold intolerance, and slow heart rate.
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Iodine atoms are a key component of parathyroid hormone.
Textbook Question
A rise in free T3 and T4 would be expected to produce a(n) ______ in TRH and TSH secretion. A decrease in free T3 and T4 would be expected to produce a(n) _____ a(n)_____in TRH and TSH secretion.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following is not an effect of aldosterone?
a. Increased excretion of hydrogen ions from the fluid in the kidneys
b. Increased retention of sodium ions from the fluid in the kidneys
c. Increased retention of potassium ions from the fluid in the kidneys
d. Increased retention of water from the fluid in the kidneys