Textbook Question
A surgical procedure known as gastric bypass involves removing all or part of the stomach.
How would stomach removal affect absorption of vitamin B12? Explain.
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Ch. 22 The Digestive System
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 22, Problem L2.3
Drugs with anticholinergic side effects block ACh receptors in the peripheral nervous system, including those on digestive organs. Predict the effects such drugs would have on motility and secretion on the specific organs of the digestive system.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the peripheral nervous system: ACh is a neurotransmitter that activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes 'rest and digest' functions, including increasing motility and secretion in the digestive organs.
Recognize the effect of anticholinergic drugs: These drugs block ACh receptors, preventing ACh from binding and activating its target cells. This inhibition reduces parasympathetic activity in the digestive system.
Predict the effect on motility: Blocking ACh receptors would decrease the smooth muscle contractions in the digestive tract, leading to reduced motility (peristalsis). This could result in slower movement of food through the digestive system, potentially causing constipation.
Predict the effect on secretion: ACh also stimulates the secretion of digestive enzymes and mucus. Blocking ACh receptors would reduce these secretions, potentially impairing digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Apply this understanding to specific organs: For example, in the stomach, reduced motility and secretion could lead to slower gastric emptying and decreased production of gastric acid. In the intestines, reduced motility could slow down the passage of chyme, and reduced secretion could impair nutrient absorption.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Anticholinergic Drugs
Anticholinergic drugs are medications that inhibit the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at muscarinic receptors in the nervous system. These drugs are commonly used to treat various conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders, by blocking the parasympathetic nervous system's effects, which can lead to decreased motility and secretion in the digestive tract.
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Motility in the Digestive System
Motility refers to the contractions of the smooth muscles in the digestive tract that facilitate the movement of food and waste. Anticholinergic drugs can reduce motility by inhibiting the contractions of these muscles, leading to slower transit times and potential constipation in the digestive system.
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Secretion in the Digestive System
Secretion in the digestive system involves the release of digestive enzymes, acids, and other fluids that aid in digestion. Anticholinergic drugs can decrease the secretion of these substances by blocking ACh receptors, which may result in reduced digestive efficiency and symptoms such as dry mouth and decreased gastric acid production.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The peritoneal cavity is located:
a. Around each of the digestive organs
b. Between layers of mesentery
c. Superior to the greater omentum
d. Between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
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Textbook Question
A surgical procedure known as gastric bypass involves removing all or part of the stomach.
Ms. Anthony has undergone gastric bypass, and her stomach has been removed entirely. She goes out to dinner and eats an extremely large meal. Explain what will happen in her small and large intestine following this meal.
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Textbook Question
Mr. Williams presents to your clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. He says that the pain worsens when he eats, particularly when he eats fatty meals. He has noticed that his stool has been an unusual clay color recently. You perform an ultrasound of his abdomen and find that gallstones are blocking his common bile duct, preventing bile from entering the duodenum.
Why are his symptoms worse when he consumes a high-fat meal? Would you expect his symptoms to worsen or lessen when he consumes a meal consisting only of carbohydrates? Explain.
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