Textbook Question
Explain the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond.
Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 2, Problem 5
Identify each of the following molecules or compounds as ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent.
a. H2O _________
b. LiI _________
c. C10H22 _________
d. N2 _________
e. MgBr2 _________
f. H2S _________
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the types of bonds. Ionic bonds occur between metals and nonmetals where electrons are transferred. Covalent bonds occur between nonmetals where electrons are shared. Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons.
Step 2: Analyze the molecule H2O. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing an unequal sharing of electrons. This makes H2O a polar covalent molecule.
Step 3: Analyze the compound LiI. Lithium is a metal and iodine is a nonmetal. Electrons are transferred from lithium to iodine, forming an ionic bond.
Step 4: Analyze the molecule C10H22. Carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities, leading to equal sharing of electrons. This makes C10H22 a nonpolar covalent molecule.
Step 5: Repeat the analysis for N2, MgBr2, and H2S. N2 involves equal sharing of electrons between two nitrogen atoms, making it nonpolar covalent. MgBr2 involves a metal (magnesium) and a nonmetal (bromine), forming an ionic bond. H2S involves sulfur being more electronegative than hydrogen, leading to unequal sharing of electrons, making it polar covalent.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the creation of charged ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other, creating a strong electrostatic force. Ionic compounds typically consist of a metal and a nonmetal, and they tend to have high melting and boiling points, as well as being soluble in water.
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Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds occur when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. This sharing can be equal or unequal, leading to different types of covalent bonds: nonpolar covalent bonds (equal sharing) and polar covalent bonds (unequal sharing). The polarity of a molecule affects its physical properties, such as solubility and boiling point.
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Molecular Polarity
Molecular polarity is determined by the distribution of electrical charge across a molecule. A molecule is polar if it has a significant difference in electronegativity between its atoms, leading to a dipole moment. Nonpolar molecules have an even distribution of charge, while polar molecules have regions of partial positive and negative charge, influencing their interactions with other substances.
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Describe what takes place during a chemical reaction.
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Textbook Question
Match the following terms with the correct definition:
Endergonic reaction
Potential energy
Electrical energy
Anabolic reaction
Oxidation-reduction reaction
Chemical energy
Catabolic reaction
Kinetic energy
a. Energy in motion
b. Energy stored in chemical bonds
c. Reaction that consumes energy
d. A decomposition reaction
e. The energy of moving charged particles
f. Stored energy
g. Synthesis reaction
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