Textbook Question
What structure forms cerebrospinal fluid? How does this occur?
Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 12, Problem 6
The myelinated segment of an axon that is covered by a glial cell is called a/an ________; the gaps between glial cells where the axolemma is exposed are called ________.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the structure of a myelinated axon: Myelination is the process where glial cells wrap around the axon to form a myelin sheath, which insulates the axon and speeds up nerve impulse conduction.
Identify the glial cells involved: In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelination, while in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells perform this function.
Define the term for the myelinated segment: The segment of the axon that is covered by the myelin sheath formed by a glial cell is called an internode.
Define the term for the gaps: The small gaps between adjacent glial cells where the axolemma (the plasma membrane of the axon) is exposed are called nodes of Ranvier.
Summarize the relationship: The internodes are the myelinated segments of the axon, while the nodes of Ranvier are the unmyelinated gaps that play a critical role in saltatory conduction, allowing the nerve impulse to jump from node to node for faster transmission.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Myelinated Axon
A myelinated axon is a type of nerve fiber that is insulated by a myelin sheath, which is formed by glial cells. This insulation allows for faster transmission of electrical impulses along the axon, enhancing the efficiency of neural communication. The myelination occurs in segments, with gaps known as nodes of Ranvier, where the axon membrane is exposed.
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Glial Cells
Glial cells are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that provide support, protection, and insulation for neurons. In the context of myelination, oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system are responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons. These cells play a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of neurons.
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Nodes of Ranvier
Nodes of Ranvier are small gaps in the myelin sheath of myelinated axons where the axolemma, or the axon's membrane, is exposed. These nodes are critical for the process of saltatory conduction, where electrical impulses jump from one node to the next, significantly speeding up signal transmission. This mechanism is essential for efficient communication within the nervous system.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Mark the following statements about the cerebral cortex as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
The prefrontal cortex is located in the frontal lobe and is concerned with movement.
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Textbook Question
Explain the importance of the blood brain barrier, and list the structures that form it.
Textbook Question
Mark the following statements about the cerebral cortex as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
The cerebral cortex is composed of white matter.
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements about the cerebral cortex as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
The primary visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe.
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Textbook Question
The central sulcus separates the:
a. Parietal and temporal lobes
b. Parietal and occipital lobes
c. Frontal and temporal lobes
d. Frontal and parietal lobes
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