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Anatomy & Physiology 1 Midterm Key Concepts

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  • What does listening to heart sounds with a stethoscope evaluate?
    It evaluates physiological function.
  • How are tissues defined in the biological level of organization?
    Groups of similar cells carrying out similar or related functions.
  • What is the reference weight for females in anatomy & physiology?
    125 lbs is the standard reference weight.
  • Which system's messages are interpreted differently by different cells?
    The endocrine system sends messages interpreted differently by cells.
  • How does positive feedback differ from negative feedback?
    Positive feedback enhances change producing more products, unlike negative feedback which inhibits change.
  • What happens in a negative feedback loop once the set point is reached?
    The loop turns itself off to maintain homeostasis.
  • What is the role of the integration center in a negative feedback loop?
    It processes information and sets a response to restore homeostasis.
  • Which are examples of positive feedback in the human body?
    Blood clotting and childbirth contractions are examples.
  • What does the anatomical term dorsal mean?
    It refers to the back portion of the body.
  • Which pair of directional terms is matched incorrectly?
    Proximal: Lateral is incorrect; proximal and lateral are not opposites.
  • Which body part is inferior to the navel?
    The groin is inferior to the navel.
  • In human anatomy, what is equivalent to 'dorsal'?
    Posterior is equivalent to dorsal.
  • What term describes the left elbow and right elbow relationship?
    They are contralateral.
  • What term describes the wrist position relative to the elbow?
    The wrist is distal to the elbow.
  • What term describes the heart's position relative to the sternum?
    The heart is deep to the sternum.
  • Which suture is between the parietal bones and the frontal bone?
    The coronal suture is located there.
  • Which term describes the chest region?
    The thoracic region.
  • Which back region is a common site for pain due to load-bearing?
    The lumbar region.
  • What term refers to the front of the lower leg (shin)?
    The crural region.
  • Which organs might be injured from a penetrating injury to the left anterior hypochondriac region?
    Possible injury to the peritoneal cavity, stomach, tail of the pancreas, and left kidney.
  • What is the anatomical plane of a vertical cut from the top of the head down to the left eye and neck?
    It is the sagittal plane.
  • What cavities divide the posterior body cavity?
    The cranial and spinal cavities.
  • Which is NOT a function of serous fluid?
    Metabolism is not a function of serous fluid.
  • Which serous membrane is incorrectly matched with its location?
    Endocardium does not line the thoracic cavity; it lines the heart chambers.
  • Which anatomical structure lies beneath the second rib pointing toward the right shoulder?
    The heart base.
  • Which organ is NOT located within the abdominal cavity?
    The heart is not in the abdominal cavity.
  • What is the role of valence electrons?
    They are directly involved in the formation of chemical bonds.