Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. The Golgi tendon organs detect stretch in a simple stretch reflex.
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Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 13, Problem 16
Label the following components of the corticospinal tracts with numbers 1 through 6, with 1 being the origin of the tracts and 6 their destination.
_____ Medullary pyramids where most fibers decussate.
_____ Anterior horn of the spinal gray matter.
_____ Midbrain and pons.
_____ Upper motor neurons in the primary motor and premotor cortices.
_____ Corona radiata and internal capsule.
_____ Lateral funiculus of the spinal cord.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the corticospinal tract: It is a major motor pathway that originates in the brain and travels down the spinal cord to control voluntary movements. The pathway involves upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons.
Identify the origin of the corticospinal tract: The upper motor neurons begin in the primary motor cortex and premotor cortex of the brain. This is labeled as step 1.
Trace the pathway through the brain: The corticospinal tract passes through the corona radiata and internal capsule, which are white matter structures that help transmit signals from the cortex to the brainstem. This is labeled as step 2.
Follow the pathway through the brainstem: The tract continues through the midbrain and pons, which are part of the brainstem. This is labeled as step 3. Then, it reaches the medullary pyramids in the medulla oblongata, where most fibers decussate (cross to the opposite side). This is labeled as step 4.
Track the pathway in the spinal cord: After decussation, the fibers travel down the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. This is labeled as step 5. Finally, the fibers synapse with lower motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal gray matter, which is labeled as step 6.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Corticospinal Tract
The corticospinal tract is a major neural pathway that originates in the cerebral cortex and descends through the brainstem and spinal cord. It is primarily responsible for voluntary motor control of the body, particularly fine motor skills. Understanding its structure and function is crucial for identifying the components involved in motor signal transmission.
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Decussation
Decussation refers to the crossing over of nerve fibers from one side of the central nervous system to the other. In the context of the corticospinal tract, most fibers decussate at the medullary pyramids, which is essential for the contralateral control of motor functions. This concept is vital for understanding how motor commands are processed and executed on the opposite side of the body.
Upper Motor Neurons
Upper motor neurons are the neurons that originate in the motor areas of the cerebral cortex and project down to the spinal cord. They play a critical role in initiating and regulating voluntary movements. Identifying their location and pathways is essential for understanding the corticospinal tract's function and the overall motor control system.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
______detect the degree to which a muscle is stretched, whereas______detect the force of a muscle contraction.
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. The simple stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex with only a single synapse in the spinal cord between the sensory and motor neurons.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following is the correct order of events of a reflex arc?
a. Stimulus detection and delivery → motor response → integration in the CNS
b. Motor response → stimulus detection and delivery → integration in the CNS
c. Stimulus detection and delivery → integration in the CNS → delivery of motor response
d. Integration in the CNS → motor response → stimulus detection and delivery
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Textbook Question
The cell bodies of upper motor neurons reside in the ________ and function to ________, whereas the cell bodies of lower motor neurons reside in the ________ and function to ________.
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. A flexion reflex is a monosynaptic reflex with only one synapse in the spinal cord.
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