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Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization
Martini - Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology 11th Edition
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksMartini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 2 The Chemical Level of OrganizationProblem 28
Chapter 2, Problem 28

The hydrogen bonding that occurs in water is responsible for all of the following except
(a) The high boiling point of water
(b) The low freezing point of water
(c) The ability of water to dissolve nonpolar substances
(d) The ability of water to dissolve inorganic salts
(e) The surface tension of water

Verified step by step guidance
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Step 1: Understand what hydrogen bonding in water is. Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between the slightly positive hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the slightly negative oxygen atoms of another water molecule. This bonding gives water many unique properties.
Step 2: Analyze each option in the context of hydrogen bonding. For example, hydrogen bonding contributes to water's high boiling point because it requires more energy to break these bonds during phase changes.
Step 3: Consider the freezing point of water. Hydrogen bonding actually raises the freezing point compared to similar molecules without hydrogen bonding, so the 'low freezing point' is not due to hydrogen bonding.
Step 4: Evaluate water's ability to dissolve substances. Water dissolves inorganic salts well because of its polarity and hydrogen bonding, but it does not dissolve nonpolar substances effectively since nonpolar molecules cannot form hydrogen bonds with water.
Step 5: Review surface tension. Hydrogen bonding causes water molecules to stick together at the surface, creating high surface tension. Based on this analysis, identify which property is not caused by hydrogen bonding.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrogen Bonding in Water

Hydrogen bonding in water occurs due to the attraction between the slightly positive hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the slightly negative oxygen atoms of another. This intermolecular force is responsible for many of water's unique physical properties, such as its high boiling point and surface tension.
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Solubility of Substances in Water

Water is a polar solvent, meaning it dissolves other polar substances and ionic compounds like inorganic salts effectively. However, nonpolar substances do not dissolve well in water because they cannot form hydrogen bonds or interact strongly with water molecules.
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Physical Properties Influenced by Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding affects water's physical properties, including its boiling and freezing points, and surface tension. For example, it raises the boiling point and surface tension but does not lower the freezing point; water freezes at 0°C under normal conditions.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

In an exergonic reaction,

(a) Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones.

(b) Small molecules are assembled into larger ones.

(c) Molecules are rearranged to form new molecules.

(d) Molecules move from reactants to products and back.

(e) Energy is released during the reaction.

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Textbook Question

A certain reaction pathway consists of four steps. How would decreasing the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the second step affect the amount of product produced at the end of the pathway?

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Textbook Question

A sample that contains an organic molecule has the following constituents: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Is the molecule more likely to be a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, or a nucleic acid?

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Textbook Question

Explain the differences among nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and ionic bonds.

Textbook Question

What is a salt? How does a salt differ from an acid or a base?

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Textbook Question

An atom of the element calcium has 20 protons and 20 neutrons. Determine the following information about calcium:

(a) Number of electrons

(b) Atomic number

(c) Atomic weight

(d) Number of electrons in each energy level

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