Textbook Question
Exercise physiologists recommend that adequate amounts of fluid be ingested before, during, and after exercise. Why is fluid replacement during extensive sweating important?
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Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization30
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure36
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses16
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System20
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation29
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity31
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System12
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes32
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance23
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 26, Problem 28
Mary, a nursing student, has been caring for burn patients. She notices that they consistently show elevated levels of potassium in their urine and wonders why. What would you tell her?
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Step 1: Understand that potassium levels in urine are influenced by kidney function and the body's regulation of electrolytes, especially after injury or stress such as burns.
Step 2: Recognize that burn injuries cause extensive tissue damage, leading to the release of intracellular potassium into the bloodstream, which initially raises blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia).
Step 3: Know that the kidneys respond to elevated blood potassium by increasing potassium excretion in the urine to maintain electrolyte balance and prevent dangerous hyperkalemia.
Step 4: Explain that the elevated potassium in urine is a compensatory mechanism by the kidneys to remove excess potassium released from damaged cells.
Step 5: Summarize that the elevated urinary potassium in burn patients is due to the body's effort to restore normal potassium levels after cellular injury and potassium release.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Potassium Regulation in the Body
Potassium is a vital electrolyte regulated mainly by the kidneys to maintain proper cellular function and fluid balance. The kidneys filter potassium from the blood and adjust its excretion in urine based on the body's needs, preventing dangerous imbalances.
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The Sodium Potassium Pump
Effects of Burns on Electrolyte Balance
Severe burns cause cell damage and fluid shifts, leading to the release of intracellular potassium into the bloodstream. This can initially cause high blood potassium levels, but the body compensates by increasing potassium excretion through the urine to restore balance.
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1:32Effects of the Complement System
Renal Response to Hyperkalemia
When blood potassium levels rise (hyperkalemia), the kidneys respond by enhancing potassium secretion in the distal tubules, increasing urinary potassium excretion. This mechanism helps prevent toxic effects of elevated potassium on heart and muscle function.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Yuka is dehydrated, so her physician prescribes intravenous fluids. The attending nurse becomes distracted and erroneously gives Yuka a hypertonic glucose solution instead of normal saline. What effect will this mistake have on Yuka’s plasma ADH levels and urine volume?
Textbook Question
Dan has been lost in the desert for 2 days with very little water. As a result of this exposure, you would expect to observe which of the following?
(a) Increased ADH levels
(b) Decreased blood osmolarity
(c) Normal urine production
(d) Increased blood volume
(e) Cells enlarged with fluid
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Textbook Question
After falling into an abandoned stone quarry filled with water and nearly drowning, a young boy is rescued. In assessing his condition, rescuers find that his body fluids have high PCO₂ and lactate levels and low PO₂ levels. Identify the underlying problem and recommend the necessary treatment to restore homeostatic conditions.
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Textbook Question
While visiting a foreign country, Milly inadvertently drinks some water, even though she had been advised not to. She contracts an intestinal disease that causes severe diarrhea. How would you expect her condition to affect her blood pH, urine pH, and pattern of ventilation?
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Textbook Question
Refer to the diagnostic flowchart in Spotlight Figure 27–18. Use information from the blood test results in the accompanying table to categorize the suspected acid-base disorders of the patients represented in the table.