Textbook Question
Explain how enzymes function in chemical reactions.
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Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization30
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure36
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses16
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System20
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation29
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity31
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System12
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes32
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance23
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 2 The Chemical Level of OrganizationProblem 27
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 2 The Chemical Level of OrganizationProblem 27Chapter 2, Problem 27
In an exergonic reaction,
(a) Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones.
(b) Small molecules are assembled into larger ones.
(c) Molecules are rearranged to form new molecules.
(d) Molecules move from reactants to products and back.
(e) Energy is released during the reaction.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the term 'exergonic reaction' in the context of biochemistry and physiology. An exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy to the surroundings.
Step 2: Analyze each option in the problem to see which best fits the definition of an exergonic reaction:
Step 3: Option (a) describes breaking down large molecules into smaller ones, which often releases energy (catabolic process). This is a common example of an exergonic reaction.
Step 4: Option (b) describes assembling small molecules into larger ones, which usually requires energy input (an endergonic process), so it does not fit the exergonic definition.
Step 5: Option (e) directly states that energy is released during the reaction, which aligns perfectly with the definition of an exergonic reaction.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Exergonic Reactions
Exergonic reactions are chemical processes that release energy, usually in the form of heat or light. These reactions have a negative Gibbs free energy change, meaning the products have less energy than the reactants, making the reaction spontaneous.
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Types of Chemical Reactions
Catabolic Processes
Catabolic processes involve breaking down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy stored in chemical bonds. This breakdown is typical in exergonic reactions, such as cellular respiration, where complex molecules like glucose are decomposed.
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Energy Flow in Chemical Reactions
Energy flow refers to how energy is absorbed or released during chemical reactions. In exergonic reactions, energy is released to the surroundings, which can be harnessed to perform cellular work or drive other endergonic reactions.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The hydrogen bonding that occurs in water is responsible for all of the following except
(a) The high boiling point of water
(b) The low freezing point of water
(c) The ability of water to dissolve nonpolar substances
(d) The ability of water to dissolve inorganic salts
(e) The surface tension of water
Textbook Question
A sample that contains an organic molecule has the following constituents: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Is the molecule more likely to be a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, or a nucleic acid?
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Textbook Question
Explain the differences among nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and ionic bonds.
Textbook Question
What is a salt? How does a salt differ from an acid or a base?
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Textbook Question
An atom of the element calcium has 20 protons and 20 neutrons. Determine the following information about calcium:
(a) Number of electrons
(b) Atomic number
(c) Atomic weight
(d) Number of electrons in each energy level
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